Mail at: helpicd gmail. Well planned assessment was done to diagnose mild ASD and a proper plan was created. Thanks for helping us to plan for our child growth.. These are: The ability of a person's brain to learn, think, solve problems, and make sense of the world called IQ or intellectual functioning Whether the person has the skills he or she needs to live independently called adaptive behavior or adaptive functioning.
These are: Daily living skills, such as getting dressed, going to the bathroom, and feeding one's self Communication skills, such as understanding what is said and being able to answer Social skills with peers, family members, adults, and others Intelligence Quotient IQ and its impacts Mild mental retardation, with IQ scores of to approximately 70 Eighty-five percent of intellectually disabled people are at this level, and they can often live on their own with minimum support from others.
Severe mental retardation, with IQ scores of to They typically need daily supervision to keep them healthy and safe and may need help with basic self-care tasks. Skip Nav Destination Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article navigation. Volume 27, Issue 6. Previous Article Next Article. Article Navigation. Articles June 01 This Site. Google Scholar. Pediatr Rev 27 6 : — Cite Icon Cite. Note: This is part 1 of a 2-part article.
In addition, all children should undergo routine developmental screening as part of their pediatric care. Screening is particularly critical for those children who may be neglected or undernourished or may live in disease-producing conditions.
Newborn screening and immediate treatment for PKU and hyperthyroidism can usually catch these disorders early enough to prevent retardation. Good prenatal care can also help prevent retardation. Pregnant women should be educated about the risks of drinking and the need to maintain good nutrition during pregnancy.
Tests such as amniocentesis and ultrasonography can determine whether a fetus is developing normally in the womb. All states are required by law to offer early intervention programs for mentally retarded children from the time they are born. The sooner the diagnosis of mental retardation is made, the more the child can be helped.
With mentally retarded infants, the treatment emphasis is on sensorimotor development, which can be stimulated by exercises and special types of play. It is required that special education programs be available for retarded children starting at three years of age. These programs concentrate on essential self-care, such as feeding, dressing, and toilet training. There is also specialized help available for language and communication difficulties and physical disabilities.
As children grow older, training in daily living skills, as well as academic subjects, is offered. Counseling and therapy are another important type of treatment for the mentally retarded.
Retarded children are prone to behavioral problems caused by short attention span, low tolerance for frustration, and poor impulse control. Behavior therapy with a mental health professional can help combat negative behavior patterns and replace them with more functional ones. A counselor or therapist can also help retarded children cope with the low self-esteem that often results from the realization that they are different from other children, including siblings.
Counseling can also be valuable for the family of a retarded child to help parents cope with painful feelings about the child's condition and with the extra time and patience needed for the care and education of a special-needs child.
Siblings may need to talk about the pressures they face, such as accepting the extra time and attention their parents must devote to a retarded brother or sister. Sometimes parents have trouble bonding with an infant who is retarded and need professional help and reassurance to establish a close and loving relationship. Current social and healthcare policies encourage keeping mentally retarded persons in their own homes or in informal group home settings rather than institutions.
The variety of social and mental health services available to the mentally retarded, including pre-vocational and vocational training, are geared toward making this possible. Amniocentesis —A procedure performed at 16—18 weeks of pregnancy in which a needle is inserted through a woman's abdomen into her uterus to draw out a small sample of the amniotic fluid from around the baby for analysis.
Either the fluid itself or cells from the fluid can be used for a variety of tests to obtain information about genetic disorders and other medical conditions in the fetus. Developmental delay —The failure of a child to meet certain developmental milestones, such as sitting, walking, and talking, at the average age. Developmental delay may indicate a problem in development of the central nervous system. Down syndrome —A chromosomal disorder caused by an extra copy or a rearrangement of chromosome Children with Down syndrome have varying degrees of mental retardation and may have heart defects.
Hib disease —An infection caused by Haemophilus influenza type b Hib. This disease mainly affects children under the age of five. In that age group, it is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, joint and bone infections, and throat inflammations. Inborn error of metabolism —One of a group of rare conditions characterized by an inherited defect in an enzyme or other protein.
Inborn errors of metabolism can cause brain damage and mental retardation if left untreated. Phenylketonuria, Tay-Sachs disease, and galactosemia are inborn errors of metabolism. Phenylketonuria PKU —A rare, inherited, metabolic disorder in which the enzyme necessary to break down and use phenylalanine, an amino acid necessary for normal growth and development, is lacking. As a result, phenylalanine builds up in the body causing mental retardation and other neurological problems.
Trisomy —An abnormal condition where three copies of one chromosome are present in the cells of an individual's body instead of two, the normal number. Ultrasonography —A medical test in which sound waves are directed against internal structures in the body. As sound waves bounce off the internal structure, they create an image on a video screen. Ultrasonography is often used to diagnose fetal abnormalities, gallstones, heart defects, and tumors. Also called ultrasound imaging.
Ainsworth, Patricia, and Pamela Baker. Understanding Mental Retardation. Libal, Autumn. Wehmeyer, Michael L. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing Co. Cinamon, Rachel Gali, and Limor Gifsh. Howard, Barbara J. Kerker, Bonnie D. Ly, Tran M. American Association on Mental Retardation.
NW, Washington, DC Toggle navigation. Photo by: philidor. Description According to statistics made available by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the s, mental retardation occurs in 2. Mild mental retardation Approximately 85 percent of the mentally retarded population is in the mildly retarded category. Moderate mental retardation About 10 percent of the mentally retarded population is considered moderately retarded.
Severe mental retardation About 3 to 4 percent of the mentally retarded population is severely retarded. Profound mental retardation Only 1 to 2 percent of the mentally retarded population is classified as profoundly retarded. Demographics For children, the mental retardation rate is Causes and symptoms Low IQ scores and limitations in adaptive skills are the hallmarks of mental retardation. Medically reviewed by Karen Gill, M. Symptoms of intellectual disability.
Levels of intellectual disability. What causes intellectual disability? How is intellectual disability diagnosed? Treatment options for intellectual disability.
What is the long-term outlook? Read this next. Language Delay. Medically reviewed by Sara Minnis, M. Medically reviewed by Timothy J.
Legg, Ph.
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