Traits associated with extraversion according to the theory are: sociable, assertive, restrained, withdrawn, energetic, talkative, self-confident, cheerful, loving, friendly, calm.
Those with a high degree of extraversion value achievement and stimulation and are unlikely to value tradition. Extroverts are often assertive, active, and outgoing, avoiding self-denial and conscientiousness in favor of excitement and pleasure. It follows that high extraversion is a harbinger of leadership development and contributes to the success of managers and salespeople and success in vocational training.
This factor pertains to how well people get along with other people. Agreeableness relates to our orientation towards others and is based on how we usually socialize and interact. Traits associated with agreeableness are: altruistic, trusting, humble, kind, competitive, manipulative, amiable, loyal, tactful, helpful, selfless, sensitive.
Agreeableness can be motivated by a desire to fulfill social obligations and follow established norms or genuine concern for the well-being of others. But whatever the motivation, it is rarely accompanied by cruelty and brutality.
People with a high degree of agreeableness are likely to have many close friends and good relationships with family members. Still, there is a certain risk. By putting others above themselves, such people can miss opportunities for their own success, learning, and development. Traits associated with conscientiousness are: persistent, ambitious, solid, disciplined, consistent, predictable, manageable, reliable, resourceful, hardworking, energetic, tenacious, forward-thinking.
One who scores highly on a conscientiousness scale is more likely to achieve success in education and career. Such a person attains their wishes and goals through foresight and effective planning. Conscientious people tend to be attentive to detail, think about how their behavior affects others, and meet deadlines. This factor is associated with seeking safety and negative attitudes toward a reward in response to stimulation and excitement. Instead, conscientious people value order, duty, achievement, and self-discipline.
They are ready to discuss the prevailing circumstances and work to improve their competence. Conscientiousness is also related to training, job performance, and successful careers. Finally, it correlates positively with adaptation to life events and the maturity of defense mechanisms. Those kids who spent more time in deliberate practice mode - this involved studying and memorizing words while alone, often on note cards - performed much better at the competition than those children who were quizzed by others or engaged in leisure reading.
The bad news is that deliberate practice isn't fun and was consistently rated as the least enjoyable form of self-improvement. Nevertheless, as spellers gain experience, they devote increasing amounts of time to deliberate practice. This suggests that even twelve year olds realize that this is what makes them better, that success isn't easy.
But that still begs the question: Why were some kids better at drilling themselves with note cards? What explained this variation in hours devoted to deliberate practice? After analyzing the data, Duckworth discovered the importance of a psychological trait known as grit. In previous papers, Duckworth has demonstrated that grit can be reliably measured with a short survey that measures consistency of passions e.
Not surprisingly, those with grit are more single-minded about their goals - they tend to get obsessed with certain activities - and also more likely to persist in the face of struggle and failure. Grit is what allows you show up again and again. Here are the scientists:. Our major findings in this investigation are as follows: Deliberate practice—operationally defined in the current investigation as the solitary study of word spellings and origins—was a better predictor of National Spelling Bee performance than either being quizzed by others or engaging in leisure reading.
With each year of additional preparation, spellers devoted an increasing proportion of their preparation time to deliberate practice, despite rating the experience of such activities as more effortful and less enjoyable than the alternative preparation activities. Grittier spellers engaged in deliberate practice more so than their less gritty counterparts, and hours of deliberate practice fully mediated the prospective association between grit and spelling performance.
There are two interesting takeaways from this study. The first is that there's a major contradiction between how we measure talent and the causes of talent. In general, we measure talent using tests of maximal performance. The purpose of the event is to see what players are capable of, to determine the scope of their potential.
The problem with these tests, however, is that the real world doesn't resemble the NFL Combine. Instead, success in the real world depends on sustained performance, on being able to work hard at practice, and spend the weekend studying the playbook, and reviewing hours of game tape.
It seems both obvious and self-defeating—if one was more outgoing, one would be more outgoing. Because of this, interventions typically focus on actions that alter how we typically think or behave hence the name cognitive-behavioral therapy. These actions can be small at first, but they have to be deliberate and specific, the so-called SMART goals.
Instead, the introvert starts by attending a small book club on a specific day and tasking themselves to talk at the meeting This is the first step that makes subsequent steps easier, and after an accumulation of such steps, self-perspective begins to shift.
The same goes for conscientiousness. Taking on tasks and responsibilities that require one to utilize conscientiousness brings about that change over time.
As Damian noted, people typically become more conscientious as they get older. One reason is simply that adulthood requires more diligence, discipline, and self-control than high school and punishes a lack of those traits more harshly. Adult environments also tend to reward and support such characteristics.
By realizing that with intention, we can self-furnish our environments to support and foster that change. We can also hack our metacognition—the way we think about our thinking—to great effect. Such techniques are often used in emotional regulation therapy to intervene in heightened or easily triggered outbursts. Mindfulness, for example, teaches people to identify their emotions, and the practice helps people from becoming overwhelmed through the act of labeling an emotion as something distinct from themselves.
Recognizing the difference between being angry and feeling angry assists in self-modulation. Some techniques and interventions may improve certain personality traits better than others, but they all demonstrate a key takeaway. While personality may not be the only factor in career and life success, self-improvement will pay dividends to both.
Kevin Dickinson. Copy a link to the article entitled Share Study: These personality traits predict early career success on Facebook.
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